From Proto-Slavic *stolъ, originally meaning "seat of power" or "throne" (cf. Old Church Slavonic столъ, "throne, seat"). Related to the verb *stojati ("to stand"). Over time the meaning shifted from a seat of authority to a general-purpose flat-topped surface. Cognates appear in most Slavic languages: Polish stół, Czech stůl, Ukrainian стіл.

In Russian culture, the table holds deep social significance. The phrase "накрыть на стол" (to set the table) implies hospitality and the gathering of family or guests. The expression "за одним столом" (at the same table) conveys a sense of unity and shared community. Notably, стол can also mean a specific desk or administrative counter, e.g. "справочный стол" (information desk), so context matters.